Perched over 1,945 metres (6380.8 feet) above sea level, Erzurum is Turkey’s (Türkiye) highest city and the Pearl of the Eastern Anatolia Region. With a settlement history dating back over 6,000 years, it is also one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Anatolia. In 2025, the highland soul of Anatolia, Erzurum, gained the title of the First European Capital of Winter Sports awarded by ACES (Association of European Capitals and Sports Cities) and was recognised as the 2025 ECO (Economic Cooperation Organisation) Tourism Capital. This is a well-deserved ranking for a city that hosted the European Youth Olympics Winter Festival in 2017 and gets millions of visitors each year, especially during ski season.
Erzurum was an important cultural and commercial centre since it was located along the old Silk Road. For hundreds of years, caravans brought people to the city who worked as artisans and tradesmen. This made the city a place where traditional crafts could be manufactured, as you can still see the trading history today in its renovated caravanserais, busy bazaars, and Ottoman-era residences that have been kept in good shape.
Best Places to Visit in Erzurum
As the highland heart of Anatolia, the city has an unmatched collection of Seljuk and Ottoman buildings, early Christian monasteries, natural wonders at high altitudes, and battle-scarred fortifications from the Russo-Turkish War. Its urban core is dotted with mediaeval mosques and madrasahs, while its outskirts stretch into geological parks and glacial lakes. Erzurum is a unique place where you can learn about history, culture, and skiing all at the same time. You can follow the footprints of ancient empires and then ski down the slopes of Palandöken Mountain.
From touring museums full of artefacts of Urartians, Romans, and Seljuks to climbing centuries-old castles, this guide outlines 17 must-do activities in Erzurum in 2025. Each destination in this guide reflects the layered character of this stronghold city and provides context for understanding its role not only in Turkey's history but also in the broader context of Eurasia.
Double Minaret Madrasah (Çifte Minareli Medrese)
One of the top sites in Erzurum, the Double Minaret Madrasah is the largest madrasa in Anatolia, built in the late 13th century. This two-storey Seljuk structure includes four iwans and a 10-sided mausoleum. Now serving as a museum exhibiting its architectural and historical legacy, it is well-known for its ornate portal with geometric and vegetal motifs. It is a must-see for anyone using an Erzurum travel guide that focuses on mediaeval Islamic architecture, and it is situated next to the old city wall.
The Grand Mosque (Ulu Camii)
Completed in 1179 by Nasreddin Aslan Mehmed, the Grand Mosque (Ulu Camii) is among the most important religious Erzurum attractions. With a large rectangular layout, cut-stone construction, and a brick minaret, it can accommodate up to 10,000 worshippers during the busiest religious occasions. It is one of the must-see sites in Erzurum for Islamic architectural heritage because, despite restorations, portions of its central aisle and qibla wall are still original.
Yakutiye Medrese & Museum
Built in 1310 by Hoca Yakut for the Ilkhanids belonging to the Mongol empire, this Seljuk-style madrasah (Yakutiye Medresesi) now houses the Turkish and Islamic Arts and Ethnography Museum (Türk İslam Eserleri ve Etnografya Müzesi). A crown gate with double-headed eagles and tree of life designs adorns the entrance. These are emblems of the Central Asian Turks. Artefacts such as textiles, jewellery, weapons, and copperware can be found within the museum. One of the top things to do in Erzurum is to see this example of Seljuk artistry and local material culture.
Erzurum Castle & Clock Tower
The Saltukids and Ottomans greatly influenced the current shape of Erzurum Castle (Erzurum Kalesi), which was first restored in 415 AD. For sweeping city views, visitors can ascend the Tepsi Minaret, which is now used as a clock tower. The castle contains the remains of ancient fortification walls as well as the historic Mescid (mosque). It is essential to any Erzurum travel itinerary centred on historic military architecture and is at the heart of the city's sightseeing.
Three Tombs (Üç Kümbetler)
Located 300 metres (984.25 feet) from the Double Minaret Madrasah, the Three Tombs (Üç Kümbetler) complex consists of three mausoleums and a fourth small square-shaped structure close to them, including the well-preserved Emir Saltuk Türbesi from the 12th century. With the exception of Emir Saltuk's, these tombs are anonymous and have crypts, elaborate stonework, and conical and pyramidal roofs. This location is crucial for anyone unsure of what to do in Erzurum from a historical standpoint, as it is one of the city's oldest surviving monuments.
Palandöken Mountain
Just 10 km (6 miles) from the city, Palandöken Mountain (Palandöken Dağı) is among the top Erzurum tourist spots for outdoor enthusiasts. It provides a top-notch skiing experience with steep slopes, long runs, and good snow, making it appropriate for international competitions. The summer months are best for hiking and climbing opportunities, while the ski season continues into May. It is essential to the growth of Erzurum's tourism industry and represents a year-round natural retreat.
Atatürk House Museum
A central stop among Erzurum attractions, the Atatürk House Museum (Erzurum Atatürk Evi Müzesi) is where Mustafa Kemal Pasha stayed during the 1919 Erzurum Congress. This late 19th-century mansion displays personal items, documents, and original newspapers from the National Struggle. The museum's first floor shows the congress members’ biographies, while the ground floor presents original printing machines and press artefacts. It's an essential part of Erzurum sightseeing for history enthusiasts tracing the Republic’s roots. Additionally, the visit to the Atatürk House Museum is included in the MuseumPass Turkey.
Day Trip to Fairy Chimneys of Narman
The three-million-year-old red rock formations of the Narman Fairy Chimneys (Narman Peribacaları), 90 kilometres (55.92 miles) east of Erzurum, deliver an extraordinary geological experience. Hiking, ATV riding, and drone photography are all excellent in the "Land of Red Fairies". Due to heavy snowfall in the winter, it is best visited in the spring or summer. This location is a geological highlight among Erzurum tourist destinations for organising day trips.
Erzurum Congress Building
One of the top sites in Erzurum, this 1864 structure hosted the crucial Erzurum Congress (Erzurum Kongresi) during the War of Independence in 1919. Now serving as a dual museum for modern Turkish painting and Sculpture and national struggle history (Erzurum Kongre ve Milli Mucadele Muzesi), it provides insights into both political and artistic movements. Original art pieces and historical documents make it a valuable stop on our Erzurum travel guide.
Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Taşhan)
This 1561-built site (Rüstem Paşa Kervansarayı), which is in the Yakutiye district, is an example of traditional Ottoman architecture and was constructed by Grand Vizier Rüstem Pasha. In the past, it provided travellers with stables, rooms, a mosque, and shops, some of which still stand today. For those unsure of what to do in Erzurum, its restored courtyard and 32-room layout now serve as a marketplace, which is particularly well-liked for local souvenirs like Oltu stone.
Lala Pasha Mosque
The first Ottoman mosque in Erzurum (Erzurum Lala Mustafa Paşa Camii), it was constructed in 1562 by Grand Vizier Lala Mustafa Pasha and is a smaller-scale replica of the architectural design of the classical mosques in Istanbul. The interior is decorated with elaborate stone-carved columns, 28 windows, and Ottoman inscriptions. For those seeking things to do in Erzurum, it's an important architectural and religious landmark.
Aziziye Bastions (Aziziye Tabyası)
The 19th-century defensive fortifications known as Aziziye Bastions were critical to the outcome of the Russo-Turkish War in 1877–1878. Situated on high ground, they provide panoramic views of the city and the hills around it. Informational panels describe the fort's construction, and its use during the war. This is a recommended destination for those interested in military history and outdoor photography as part of Erzurum tourism.
Ata Park Botanical Garden
With more than 150 plant species, walking trails, themed plant sections, and picnic areas, Ata Park Botanical Garden (Ata Botanik Bahçesi) is one of the highest-altitude botanical gardens in the world. For those who enjoy outdoor activities in Erzurum, it's a peaceful, quiet escape inside the city. Travellers searching for the comprehensive Erzurum travel tour can benefit from the addition of seasonal flower displays and informative signs.
Day Trip to Tortum Waterfall and Lake
20 kilometres (12.43 miles) from Uzundere, one of Türkiye’s official Cittaslow (slow cities), is the 48-metre-tall (157.48 feet) Tortum Waterfall (Tortum Şelalesi), one of the highest in the world, which has a huge basin known as the Giant Cauldron. Stairs, a wooden bridge, and observation platforms are all accessible to visitors. At 1,000 metres (3,281 feet) above sea level, the nearby Tortum Lake (Tortum Gölü) was created by a prehistoric landslip and features picturesque views and limestone formations. Any list of places to visit in Erzurum must include these natural wonders.
Traditional Erzurum Houses
A thorough examination of the city's Ottoman-era architecture and cultural legacy can be found at Yakutiye's Traditional Erzurum Houses, which are a must-see in Erzurum. These stone houses with "tandırbaşı" (hearth areas) and elevated platform areas known as "sekili" were constructed to withstand Erzurum's severe winters. After touring interiors that highlight prayer niches and regional customs, guests can eat traditional meals like Erzurum mantı, ayran aşı soup, cağ kebab, and tandır kebab.
Day Trip to Öşvank Monastery
A visit to Öşvank Monastery, also known as Oshki Monastery (Oşki Manastırı) in Çamlıyamaç village, about 90 minutes from the city centre, is one of the most unique religious and historical activities in Erzurum. Built in the 10th century during the Bagratid rule of Tao, this Georgian Orthodox monastery features intricate bas-reliefs, blind arches, and monumental figures of saints and royalty. As one of the largest mediaeval churches in the Eastern Christian world, it stands out among places to visit in Erzurum for its architectural significance and role in Georgian literary history.
Erzurum Archaeology Museum
One of the best places to visit in Erzurum for history lovers is the Erzurum Archaeology Museum (Erzurum Arkeoloji Müzesi), which is situated in Yakutiye. It contains artefacts such as bronze tools, obsidians, golden jewellery, and stone inscriptions that date back to the Urartian civilisation, the Roman and Hellenistic eras, and the Karaz culture. Trans-Caucasian cultural remains with artefacts from the Turkish–Armenian War discovered during the 1918 excavations are examples of specialised halls. This museum is a must-see if you're searching for Erzurum attractions that encompass thousands of years of history in one location.
Top Things to Do in Erzurum in 1 Day
Start your day at Çifte Minareli Madrasah, the jewel in the crown of the city’s architectural legacy and one of the top Erzurum historical sites. Built in the 13th century, its colossal twin minarets and Seljuk stonework make it an unmissable stop among Erzurum cultural sites. Just a 5-minute walk away, visitors will find Yakutiye Madrasah, now a museum displaying Islamic art and ethnographic artefacts. The city's history during the Mongol era is revealed through the detailed façade and peaceful courtyard.
From here, take a short stroll to the Erzurum Grand Mosque, which was constructed in 1179 and is among the oldest mosques in eastern Anatolia. After that, take another quick walk to Erzurum Castle, where one of the most fulfilling outdoor activities in Erzurum is climbing the Clock Tower. Visit the Old Erzurum Houses, which are traditional Ottoman homes that have been converted into museums and cafes, to complete your cultural circle. Enjoy the genuine ambiance while having tea in one of the wood-panelled rooms.
When it’s time to dine, try the döner and lahmacun at Üçler Döner & İskender for a relaxed local experience, or go to the nearby Antep Sofrası. For a heartier meal, visit Güzelyurt Restaurant, which serves traditional mezes and main courses in a lively atmosphere.
Visit the MNG AVM Mall or neighbouring artisan stores downtown to purchase regional sweets, scarves, or jewellery made of Oltu stones as you wind down your visit. End your day with Cağ Kebab, a signature of Erzurum culinary tradition, which is served at Çınar Cağ Kebap and is a must-try local speciality.
Unmissable Things to Do in Erzurum in 2 Days
A two-day trip to Erzurum reveals a surprising exposure of deep history, breathtaking landscapes, and unforgettable flavours. If you’re wondering what to do in Erzurum in two days, your journey should start with some of the most iconic Erzurum attractions. Take a panoramic climb through the Aziziye and Mecidiye Fortresses, which date back to the 19th century, to start your first morning. In addition to providing expansive city views, these hilltop buildings also highlight the area's military history. Proceed to the Abdurrahman Gazi Tomb (Abdurrahman Gazi Türbesi), a serene site for introspection that connects Erzurum's Seljuk past to its present. The Three Tombs, one of the oldest historical sites in Erzurum, is only a short distance away.
Go downtown for lunch and sample regional specialities like su böreği and ayran aşı soup. Visit the Twin Minaret Madrasah, possibly Erzurum's most well-known landmark, and Ulu Mosque to round out your afternoon of sightseeing in Erzurum. Erzurum Castle is a must-see; ascending the clock tower, you’ll see a unique perspective of the historic city. After that, relax with Turkish tea at the Erzurum Houses, a charming collection of renovated Ottoman houses. A short distance away is the Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai, where you can purchase hand-carved prayer beads and silver jewellery, perfect mementos from your Erzurum travel tour. Enjoy Erzurum's famous rotating lamb skewer dish, cağ kebabı, for dinner to end your evening.
Spend the second day in nature. Begin with a morning drive to the Öşvank Monastery, dating back to the 10th century. After that, experience the full force of Turkey's highest waterfall, Tortum, where rock and mist meet in one of Erzurum's most picturesque tourist destinations. Continue your Erzurum nature tour at Yedigöller National Park, also known as "Seven Lakes", where you can rest by the lake and take in the breathtaking alpine surroundings while having lunch.
Wrap your day with a visit to the Narman Fairy Chimneys, surreal red-rock formations that resemble a quieter version of Cappadocia. Ideal for families or anyone interested in outdoor activities in Erzurum, these fairy chimneys provide a scenic and peaceful end to your journey.
Erzurum 3-Day Itinerary
In the enchanting setting of Eastern Anatolia, a three-day stay in Erzurum provides an opportunity to experience its natural wonders, authentic cuisine, outdoor adventure, and historical depth.
Start your first day with a traditional Erzurum breakfast at a local café, where you can try specialities like kete, a layered pastry served warm, or a bowl of yoghurt-based aşotu soup. From there, head to the heart of Erzurum sightseeing: the Twin Minaret Madrasah, one of the most iconic Erzurum historical sites. Just a few steps away lies the Yakutiye Madrasah, now the Turkish-Islamic Arts and Ethnography Museum.
Explore the Three Tombs complex during the middle of the day. Visit the Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque as you stroll along the old town's cobblestone streets. Try the cağ kebabı, Erzurum's signature dish, for lunch. Lavash bread, fresh onions, and green peppers are served alongside the marinated, skewered lamb that is slowly rotated over a wood fire in rustic restaurants all over the city.
In the afternoon, navigate through the busy Erzurum Bazaar, which is a must-see for souvenirs and a mainstay of Erzurum shopping. You can find local honey, woven textiles, and copper crafts. Enjoy kadayıf dolması, which are walnut-filled, crispy, syrup-soaked dessert rolls, and tea in a traditional çayhane to sum up your day.
Day two is for nature, so get an early start and head east to the Cittaslow city of Uzundere. Your first stop is Tortum Waterfall, one of the largest in Turkey, cascading from 48 metres (157.48 feet) with thundering force. Just above it, the glass terrace overlooks Tortum Lake. Continue on to the Öşvank Monastery in Çamlıyamaç Village, a rare Georgian Orthodox site from the 10th century still bearing its original frescoes. Between stops, take time to enjoy a countryside lunch of fresh trout, village bread, and ayran. If time allows, swing by one of the Pasinler or Ilıca thermal hot springs on your way back to the city for a rejuvenating soak before dinner.
On your final day, you should definitely visit Palandöken Ski Resort, which is only 10 minutes from the city, with long runs, smooth powder, and even night skiing for adrenaline seekers in winter. It is definitely among the top things to do in Erzurum. Rentals and instructors are available for all levels. For non-skiers, sipping salep at a mountain café with snow-dusted views is just as rewarding.
Return to the city by noon and savour one final taste of Erzurum cuisine, such as the walnut-stuffed kadayıf dolması for dessert or hıngel dumplings. A fun and surreal way to end your day trip to Erzurum is to stop briefly at the so-called Mysterious Road, one of Erzurum's most peculiar and unexpected tourist destinations, which runs alongside Palandöken. It looks like a typical uphill road at first, but when you stop your car, you'll notice an optical illusion that defies physics: cars appear to roll uphill on their own. The slight downward slope is actually a visual trick produced by the surrounding terrain, where the horizon and surrounding terrain are arranged to give the impression of an incline. Both locals and tourists love this quick stop, which is ideal for taking a funny video or trying out the illusion yourself by letting water fall on the ground and watching it 'flow uphill'.