Turkey Travel Guide

Is Turkey Worth Visiting?

Turkey is absolutely worth visiting. Let us look at its culture in the first place. The country has everything: ancient traditions, dance, music, art, museums, and food.

Germans probably know the taste of kebab, but there is much more to delve into. On the one hand, Turkish cuisine stands out for its distinct ingredients and flavours; on the other, legendary hospitality breaks boundaries.

Newcomers will be greeted with delicious tea when visiting locals; they will also love the sound of melodies played by musicians on traditional folk instruments. In addition, they will discover natural wonders, including the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Ephesus, Hierapolis-Pamukkale, and the Archaeological Site of Troy.

Do you want to combine culture and beach relaxation? Turkey boasts one of the most stunning beaches in the world across the Aegean and Mediterranean coastlines. Some of the top spots for sun-soaking are Fethiye, Antalya, Bodrum, and Kaş (all filled with bars, restaurants, cafés, and various stores).

Finally, Turkey has much to offer for those who love trekking soaring mountains. Beginners can try hiking the trail in the Yedigoller National Park, which is especially beautiful in winter.

Intermediate mountain enthusiasts may consider visiting Cappadocia during spring and summer. There are also plenty of options for expert or advanced hikers, such as the Lycian Way in Antalya or the Taurus Mountains, also known as the Saint Paul Trail.

This is just a glimpse of things and activities to experience in this utterly charming country.

Your Dream Vacation

What would your ideal Turkey tour look like? You might be interested in exploring the country's history and visiting sites of great historical significance.

Or perhaps you would prefer a relaxing beach holiday, staying at a five-star seaside resort with full service and a traditional hammam experience. Another option is to focus on cultural immersion by discovering Turkey’s natural landscapes and vibrant cities.

Whatever your travel style, Turkey offers attractions and experiences to suit a range of interests.

Top Historical Experiences:

Visit Ephesus, one of the best places near Izmir to immerse in ancient history.

Explore the breathtaking ruins of Hierapolis and enjoy a swim in the Cleopatra Pool.

Don't miss the Archeological Site of Troy, renowned for its association with the Greek myth of the Trojan War.

Top Cultural Experiences:

Discover the lavish history of Topkapi Palace, the residence of the Sultan and his family.

Experience the magic of the Blue Mosque, known for its stunning Islamic architecture.

Explore the architectural marvel of the Hagia Sophia Mosque, a testament to historical artistry.

Top Outdoor Experiences:

Embark on a trekking adventure along the Lycian Way, following an ancient trade route.

Relax at the stunning sandy Kabak Beach, nestled in the mountains.

Enjoy camping in Yedigoller National Park, or visit in winter for skiing opportunities.

Do You Need a Visa to Visit Turkey?

Nationals of 78 countries do not require a visa to visit Turkey for tourism. But this is different for US nationals. With the Turkey travel visa, travellers can stay in the country for up to 90 days within 180 days.

Some citizens may apply for a conditional e-visa online before travelling. Travellers connecting through Turkish airports do not require a transit visa if they remain airside during their layover.

Passports must be valid for at least 150 days from the date of arrival. Turkey also requires at least one full blank page for entry and exit stamps.

Is It Safe to Travel to Turkey?

Turkey is generally considered a safe country for tourists. Still, petty crimes like pickpocketing and bag snatching can occur in busy areas, so it is wise to stay vigilant and secure your belongings.

Official travel advisories from the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and the U.S. Department of State recommend avoiding areas close to the Syria border and certain provinces such as Hakkari due to security concerns.

As in any destination, it is sensible to avoid large demonstrations and crowds, choose accommodation with good security measures, and stay informed with local news and government advice during your trip.

The Best Way to Get Around Turkey

Once tourists arrive at Istanbul Airport (IST), they can get around Turkey by plane, public transportation, train, or ferry/boat.

Some popular attractions have international airports, such as Sabiha Gökçen Airport (SAW) and Antalya Airport (AYT), so you can fly directly to them and then use other transportation to reach the desired Turkey travel destinations.

Flights

The most popular way to reach Turkey is certainly by plane. Istanbul Airport (IST) is congested with flights from overseas. From there, tourists typically go by bus, car, or taxi. While IST is in the European part of the city, SAW is in the Asian part. Antalya Airport is another busy airport for travelling to the gorgeous Turkish Riviera.

Getting Around by BiTaksi or Uber

Taxis are easy to find in Istanbul, Ankara, and other major Turkish cities, especially near airports, ports, and train stations. Travellers can hail one directly on the street or use apps like BiTaksi and Uber, both of which connect passengers to licensed yellow or turquoise taxis. Using an app is often easier and safer – download it, register, and request a ride to your destination. The apps let you track your driver and pay by card or cash, making city travel convenient and reliable.

Public Transportation

Buses

Almost always on time, the big cities and small towns across Turkey have a frequent network of buses. Istanbul has buses in three colours - yellow, purple, and blue. Most of the time, you just need to show up at the stop and wait.

Metro Tourism, Kamil Koç, Pamukkale Tourism, Varan Tourism, and others operate long-distance or charter buses covering the whole country. They offer comfortable seating, Wi-Fi, reclining seats with extra legroom, and even snack service. Tickets can be booked online or at bus terminals.

Minibuses

The local way to travel between small towns and villages is minivans, also called dolmuş. These are shared taxi/minibus systems that follow set routes, usually departing when they have enough passengers. Dolmuş services fill gaps where regular buses or metro lines do not reach and are a common and affordable way to move around in urban and suburban areas.

Metro and Light Trail

Major Turkish cities have metro or light rail systems. Ankara, Istanbul, and Izmir operate metro services. Several other cities – including Bursa, Konya, Antalya, Gaziantep, and Adana have various combinations of metro, tram, and light rail lines.

Trains

Regional trains in Turkey are limited, and on many routes, it is indeed faster to take the bus. The main alternative is the high-speed rail network (YHT), which currently operates between Istanbul, Eskişehir, Ankara, Konya, and Sivas.

We recommend buying tickets in advance, especially if you plan to take the Eastern Express, the famous overnight journey offering spectacular scenery between Ankara and Kars.

All rail services – including regional trains in the İzmir area and intercity routes to Adana, Konya, and beyond – are operated by Turkish State Railways (TCDD, Türk Devlet Demiryolları).

Boats

Turkey’s coastline is rich in maritime routes. While long-distance passenger boats are limited, ferry travel remains an important and scenic way to get around – especially across the Sea of Marmara. Several companies operate regular ferries from Istanbul across the Marmara Sea to Yalova and Mudanya (near Bursa), a comfortable alternative to road travel. Within Istanbul itself, ferries crisscross the Bosphorus, linking the European and Asian shores and connecting travellers to the Princes’ Islands.

Further south, in the Aegean region, there are seasonal and local ferries connecting Bodrum and Datça, as well as routes to nearby Greek islands. Although there is no direct ferry from Istanbul to these destinations, Turkey’s coastal and regional ferries offer travellers a relaxing and often scenic way to explore the country by sea.

Car Rentals

Cars and car rentals are the most convenient way to get around in Turkey. Rental agencies are found in all major towns and at the airports in Istanbul and Antalya. Enterprise, Budget, First, Hertz, and Goldcar are among the best companies to hire a car. They promise a reliable ride for your business or personal vacation.

Cycling And Electric Scooters

In Turkey, cycling infrastructure is still developing, and bike lanes are limited in most cities. Consequently, cyclists often share the road with motor traffic and should ride cautiously. E-scooters are widely available in many tourist destinations (such as Istanbul and Antalya) through apps like Beam and BinBin, and you typically need a smartphone with internet access to download the app and unlock a scooter. According to regulations, riders must be at least 16 years old and follow traffic rules, with scooters mainly permitted in bike lanes or on roads with lower speed limits. Because infrastructure and driving habits are evolving, it is important to exercise care when cycling or using e-scooters in urban traffic.

Best Time to Visit Turkey

The best time to visit Turkey depends on the places you plan to see. The country has seven regions, and each features unique sites and itineraries. Many tourists prefer the spring and fall seasons for Turkey tours.

While travellers flock to Turkey year-round, some months are better than others if you want to avoid crowds. There are three main tourist seasons:

• High season: June to August
• Shoulder Season: April to May, September to October
• Low Season: November to March

The climate from April to May and from September to October is very mild and thus ideal for sightseeing. The weather becomes cooler in winter, and the spots are less crowded. If you are not a beach enthusiast, consider a Turkey trip from November to March.

Visit Cappadocia in Spring or Autumn

The ideal months to experience the stunning beauty of Cappadocia landscapes, especially at sunset, are April, May, and September. Hot air ballooning is a popular activity, offering ascents to varying heights for different perspectives of the landscape.

Visit Istanbul’s Aya Sofya in Autumn or Winter

The best season to travel through Istanbul is in the fall or winter months. The weather in winter is mild, making it easy for tourists to roam the city streets and explore the beautiful Hagia Sophia and Topkapi Palace with fewer tourists around.

Take a Bosphorus Cruise in Spring or Fall

Spring and fall months are perfect for taking a Bosphorus cruise in Istanbul. The same is true for shopping in the Spice Bazaar or Grand Bazaar of this cultural capital of Turkey. The end of April and the beginning of May are perfect for Turkey tours. The moderate weather during that period allows for going to the Pamukkale travertines, Gallipoli, and Troy.

Holidays and Festivals in Turkey

The best thing about travelling is the opportunity to learn about other cultures, see how people live, and learn about their customs, what they eat, and how they celebrate life.

If you are visiting Turkey, you should immerse yourself in several Turkish events that are huge tourist attractions. Below, we list the top festivals to attend.

Istanbul Tulip Festival

Turkish migrants from Central Asia first brought tulips to Anatolia in the 12th century. However, cultivation of this flower began in the 16th century, mainly in Constantinople (now Istanbul), reaching its zenith in the 18th century. The Ottoman sultans and elites fell in love with tulips and even made them a symbol of their power. The Orientation to Europe marked the next 12 years in the empire.

You need to visit Turkey from April to May to enjoy the beautiful festival. Moreover, you will enjoy performances, exhibitions, and concerts in the city parks.

Cappadox

The natural landscape of Cappadocia allowed for the beginning of the Cappadox festival. It took place in 2015, and today, the holiday features music events with delicious local food and contemporary art displays that continue for several days annually.

Oil Wrestling or Kırkpınar Festival

Sports enthusiasts will enjoy the Oil Wrestling Festival, occurring each year in the western city of Turkey, Edirne, between late June and early July. The winner, Champion of Turkey, the strongest and bravest man, is usually awarded the Kırkpınar Golden Belt.

This folk wrestling is one of the oldest continuously running sports events in the world, dating back to the 14th century.

Hot Air Balloon Festival

Another festival linked to Cappadocia is the Hot Air Balloon Festival, which takes place in the summer. During that time, a few dozen hot air balloons from different countries soar high into the sky, creating stunning and colourful scenery. In addition, visitors can enjoy traditional or exotic dances and a glow show throughout the night.

What You Need to Know About Religious Holidays

Some activities are less vibrant during religious holidays in Turkey. For example, during Ramadan, the most important festival in the country, restaurants, although mostly open, are less busy at lunchtime.

Travelling during the Sugar Feast (Şeker Bayramı), which marks the end of Ramadan, can be challenging. Besides, various shops and public places, such as museums and banks, will be closed during the holiday.

What to Eat in Turkey

Foreign visitors with a hearty appetite have many Turkish dishes to choose from. Gaziantep is often touted as the culinary capital of the country and offers everything from the famous Kebab to less-known delicacies like kısır (bulgur-based salad) and lamb güveç (lamb stew); the town of Siirt is where perdeli pilav (“curtain pilaf) originated, while pretty much every Turkish city will claim to offer the best dish. Yet what should you stick your fork into when you visit the best cities in Turkey?

Doner Kebab – Istanbul

Doner Kebab is a meat dish that consists of bread stuffed with meat shavings, sliced tomatoes, and onions, including a mayo-yogurt sauce and sauce blanche. This is an increasingly common street food in Istanbul.

Alanya Bohçasi – Antalya

Alanya Bohçasi is a featured dish in the Alanya region. Therefore, when you visit Antalya, taste this most loved meal made with lamb's inner fillings, cheese, and potatoes wrapped in a dough that looks like a bundle.

Ezogelin çorbasi – Gaziantep

Originated in a small village near Gaziantep, this soup consists of sweet or hot tomato paste, red lentils, grated fresh tomatoes, and onions, served with chili flakes and dried mint.

Manti – Cappadocia

Cappadocia is considered a home to Manti, resembling a Turkish ravioli. The dish features small dumplings filled with meat, ground lamb, or beef.

Iskender Kebab – Ankara

Iskender Kebab is popular in Bursa, where it originated. The main ingredients are thinly sliced grilled lamb, tomato sauce, pita bread, melted sheep butter, and yogurt.

Çebiç – Konya

Do you want to experience the traditional taste of Konya? Then this should be çebiç - a mouth-watering dish of bulgur pilaf with cooked lamb meat.

Sigara Borek – Bodrum

Borek is very popular at parties because they are convenient for dipping in the sauce. The most common fillings of this Turkish pastry are meat, cheese, and spinach.

Grilled fish – Kusadasi

Kusadasi highlights include lots of seafood. Hence, when you visit the town, don’t miss out on the local restaurants to taste their grilled fish.

Desserts – Dondurma

It’s hard to resist trying Dondurma because it's a fun ice cream that never melts. Street vendors often perform tricks before serving them to excited buyers.

Turkish Tea and Coffee Culture

Today, tea and coffee are an indispensable part of Turkish culture. Whether riding across the Bosphorus or shopping in the Grand Bazaar and the shopping malls, you will see tea servers shouting “cay” (chai).

Coffee is one of Turkey’s most beloved beverages, enjoyed both in its traditional form and through the country’s growing modern café culture. While Turkey remains a nation of tea drinkers at heart, many Turks enjoy at least one cup of coffee a day – from the strong, foamy Turkish coffee served in small cups to espresso-based drinks found in trendy cafés.

Dos and Don’ts in Turkey

If your travel plans hold Turkey on the horizon, buying tickets and making reservations aside, learning about local culture and etiquette comes first! Giving credit to these rules requires humbleness, but since they come from Turkey's cultural norms, it's of great importance to your host country. Here are the tips all tourists in Turkey are supposed to follow.

Speak the Language: Turkish Phrases for Travelers

Did You Know That…

• Turkey is now Türkiye
  The country is now called by its Turkish name Türkiye and not the Republic of Turkey.
• Part of Turkey is in Europe
  Turkey is a transcontinental country. One side of Istanbul’s Bosphorus Strait is in Europe (3%) and the other, in Asia (97%).
• Turkey allowed women to vote and participate in elections before many countries.
  The country granted women the right to vote and be elected in 1934 much earlier than other countries. For example, France recognized women’s rights in 1945. Only eleven years after Turkey!
• Turks believe in Evil Eye
  Turks predominantly are superstitious towards an Evil Eye. They even hang up or wear the symbol that can ward off evil energies. Hence, don’t be surprised to see evil eyes hung up almost everywhere.
• Bring a gift
  Don't forget to bring a present with you when invited to a Turkish home. It can be a souvenir from your country. Turkish desserts like Baklava and Lokum are also widespread gifts in Turkey.
• Istanbul - Center of Several Empires
  Today’s Istanbul, once known as Constantinople, was the capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire, and the Ottoman Empire, spanning over 1500 years.
• Noah’s Ark might be in Turkey
  Although not universally accepted, archeologists believe they may have discovered the final location of Noah's Ark on Turkey's Mount Ararat.
• Sabina Gokçen – The famous Turk female
  Sabina Gokçen was the first woman pilot in the world. The Istanbul Ataturk Airport (currently operating only private flights) bears her name.
• The land of beautiful horses
  “The land of beautiful horses” – katpatukya - that is how Cappadocia is translated from the Old Persian language. Once large herds of horses used to graze in this ancient region.